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Pre Start-up/Assessing Your Business IdeaGovernment Regulations and Your BusinessAmericans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act requires access to public accommodations and commercial facilities. It's good business sense, and failure to comply can result in severe penalties. For further information, see the Americans with Disabilities Act website. The Americans with Disabilities Act also prohibits discrimination in employment against qualified employees and applicants with disabilities. Information for businesses is also available by calling EEOC’s National Contact Center at 1-800-669-4000 (voice) or 1-800-669-6820 (TTY), or the EEOC's Publication Distribution Center at 1-800-669-3362 (Voice) or 1-800-800-3302 (TTD). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces the employment provisions of the ADA and basic information on disability discrimination and on reasonable accommodation may be found at the EEOC website. The EEOC also has published a “Primer for Small Business,” with more information on the requirements of the ADA. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It also enforces the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of age against persons 40 and older; Title I and parts of Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibits employment discrimination against people with disabilities; the Equal Pay Act; and sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1991. Information concerning race and color discrimination may be found on EEOC’s Internet website; along with information about national origin discrimination; religious discrimination; pregnancy discrimination; sexual harassment; equal pay; disability discrimination; and age discrimination. Information for businesses is also available by calling the EEOC at (202) 663-4900 or (202) 663-4494 (TTD), or the EEOC's Publication Distribution Center at 1-800-669-3362 (Voice) or 1-800-800-3302 (TTD). Materials also may be ordered on line by going to the publications page on the EEOC web site, and completing and submitting the form provided. EEOC also provides basic information in 14 languages and has extensive information in seven languages, all available from the Publication Distribution Center. Many types of businesses require that you be licensed or certified to practice in a particular field. Accounting and real estate appraisal are examples of fields that require licenses or certification. A representative from your profession's regulatory board can assist you. There are many types of licenses. You need one to operate legally almost everywhere. If the business is located within an incorporated city limits, a license must be obtained from the city; if outside the city limits, then from the county. For more information contact the county or city office in your area. The Small Business Administration has a web site that lists state contacts to assist you. If you are planning on occupying a new or used building for a new business, you may have to apply for a Certificate of Occupancy from a city or county zoning department. For more information contact the county or city office in your area. There are many forms of legal structure you may choose for your business. The most common structures are Sole Proprietorships, General and Limited Partnerships, C and S Corporations and Limited Liability Companies. Each legal structure offers organizational options which are appropriate for different personal situations and which affect tax and liability issues. We suggest you research each legal structure thoroughly and consult a tax accountant and/or attorney prior to making your decision. Businesses that use a name other than the owner's must register the fictitious name with the county as required by the Trade Name Registration Act. This does not apply to corporations doing business under their corporate name or to those practicing any profession under a partnership name. If applicable to your business, you may want to apply for trademarks, patents and your copyrights. Information regarding these applications is listed below. Trademarks are names or symbols used in any commerce that is subject to regulation by state government or the U.S. Congress. State Registration of a Trademark: Trademarks and service marks may be registered in a state for a term of ten years. For more information about Applications for Registration of Trademark or Service Mark in your state see the Small Business Administration's State Home Pages. Federal Registration of Trademark and Patent To register a trademark contact: U.S. Patent & Trademark Office To register a patent, contact: Caution: Federally registered trademarks may conflict with and supersede state registered business and product names. Businesses are encouraged to check for conflicts with federal trademarks. Contact: Superintendent of Documents New and useful inventions can be protected by a U.S. patent. Professional assistance from a patent attorney is strongly urged because patent procedures are detailed and technical. A patent search is performed to see if a patent currently exists on the same or nearly the same device and, if not, to make proper application with the Patent Office. Note: Only attorneys and agents registered with the U.S. Patent Office may represent inventors in related matters. The office has geographical and alphabetical listings of the more than 11,000 registered agents. Only these agents may perform patent searches in the patent office. Inventors or their attorneys can make arrangements with one of those agents. U.S. patents are issued by the Assistant Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D.C. Additional information is provided in the publication, General Information Concerning Patents and Other Publications, distributed through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Contact: U.S. Library of Congress Copyrights protect the thoughts and ideas of authors, composers and artists. A copyright prevents illegal copying of written matter, works of art or computer programs. In order to ensure copyright protection, the copyright owner should always include notices on all copies of the work. Like home insurance, business insurance protects the contents of your business against fire, theft and other losses. Many small businesses must protect themselves from lawsuits and other situations for which they might be deemed liable. All businesses should research the advisability of appropriate liability insurance. The Insurance Information Institute can assist you in identifying the various types of insurance, and other considerations. Contact your insurance agent or broker. In most states there is a sales and use tax which applies to the retail purchase, retail site, rental, storage, use or consumption of tangible personal property and certain services. In other words, sales tax must be collected on just about every tangible item sold. A sales tax number is required for each business before opening. The number, plus instructions for collection, reporting and remitting the money to the state on a monthly basis, can be obtained from the Small Business Administration's State Home Pages. All businesses with employees are required to comply with state and federal regulations regarding the protection of employees. For more information, visit State Labor Laws/State Labor Offices on the Department of Labor website. For information on state labor laws, work force availability, prevailing wages, unemployment insurance, unionization, benefits packages and employment services visit the State Home Pages of the Small Business Administration’s website. Businesses are required by the state to pay unemployment insurance tax if the company has one or more employees for 20 weeks in a calendar year, or it has paid gross wages of $1,500 or more in a calendar year. The taxes are payable at a rate of 2.7 percent on the first $8,500 in annual wages of an employee. For more information about your state, see the Small Business Administration's State Home Pages. Unemployment insurance must be reported and returns made to the state. The Federal Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 requires all employers to verify the employment eligibility of new employees. The Immigration and Naturalization Service makes available a Handbook for Employers which provides step-by-step instructions on how to complete the "Employer Eligibility Verification" Form I-9, which is required by law when hiring a new employee. To obtain a copy of the handbook and the form and for additional information see the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service's Forms and Fees page. The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) outlines specific health and safety standards employers must provide for the protection of employees. Many states have similar standards. For more information, visit OSHA's Small Business website. OSHA also has a widely respected program called "OSHA Advisors." This is a free, downloadable, and interactive program that can give you feedback on safety concerns. If a business employs three or more people, workers' compensation insurance must be carried to provide protection to those injured in on-the-job accidents. The State Board of Workers' Compensation aids people who need claim assistance. Employment Standards (Minimum Wage, Overtime, Youth Employment) The mission of the U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division is to promote and achieve compliance with labor standards to protect and enhance the welfare of the Nation's workforce. The Division enforces Federal minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labor requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The agency also enforces the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, wage garnishment provisions of the Consumer Credit Protection Act, and a number of employment standards and worker protections as provided in several immigration related statutes. Additionally, the Division administers and enforces the prevailing wage requirements of the Davis Bacon Act, the Service Contract Act and other statutes applicable to Federal contracts for construction and for the provision of goods and services. The Wage and Hour Division developed a brochure and a specific Fair Labor Standards Act Fact Sheet, to meet the needs of new businesses. The Uniform Code Council, Inc., (not a government agency) assigns a manufacturer's ID code for the purposes of bar coding. Many stores require bar coding on the packaged products they sell. For additional information contact: Uniform Code Council Inc., P.O. Box 1244, Dayton, Ohio 45401, (513) 435?3870. The Department of Commerce has a web site that can be used as a resource for regulations and other topics concerning electronic commerce. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) The Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman and 10 Regional Fairness Boards were established to receive comments from small businesses about federal agencies' enforcement actions. The Ombudsman will annually evaluate the enforcement activities and rate each agency and rate its responsiveness to small business. If you wish to comment on the interactions with the IRS, call 1-888-REG-FAIR or visit the SBREFA website. There are many different environmental laws. All businesses need to operate in compliance with applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws. Businesses located on Indian Reservations need to operate in compliance with applicable federal and tribal laws. For information about federal environmental laws, visit the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Small Business Gateway and the Compliance Assistance Gateway. State-by-state environmental information tools is also available from the Environmental Compliance Assistance Platform. Information about environmental laws on Indian reservation is available from EPA's Office of American Indian Affairs.
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